Understanding the Structure of Valves

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Most valves have a relatively similar structure comprising:

An actuator- a lever on the exterior part of the valve used to either open or shut the valve.

A stem– a rod-like structure that connects the actuator to the internal valve system.

A shut-off device- this can be a ball or a flat slate that when operated using the stem and actuator, shuts off or allows the flow of media. This structural component is what fundamentally differentiates valves from each other.

Depending on the working system of a valve, most designs also have seats and gland packing around the shutoff device. These are structural additions that ensure leakage and fugitive emissions are prevented by providing extra sealing. They also provide some sort of cushioning for the shut-off device to enable it handle media pressure.

When choosing between valves, the internal working system will be a major determinant on whether a particular valve would be ideal. More so because some valve designs are limited to small sizes to manage torque while others can only take on a certain amount of pressure.

Ball Valves

Ball valves are made up of an actuator, a stem, and a spherical ball that serves as a shut-off device. When the actuator is turned, the stem turns and rotates the ball to either allow or restrict the flow of media.

The balls used in this type of valve are hollowed out in the middle to form a channel where media flows through. When the valve is open, the channel, also known as the bore, is in line with the pipeline. To restrict fluid flow, the ball is rotated 90° such that the walls of the ball are now parallel to the pipeline instead of the bore. Depending on the needs of the pipeline, the bore size can either be equal to the pipeline’s diameter or it can be a partial bore that’s narrower than the pipeline.

You would also have a choice between a full mounted ball valve and a floating ball valve. Ideally, they both work on the same principle, aside from the fact that a full mounted ball valve is attached to a trunnion at the base while a floating ball valve is not. Additionally, given as the trunnion ball valve is mounted, it is more suited to high-pressure flow systems than a floating ball valve.

Butterfly Valve

A butterfly valve is a compact size valve with an actuator, a stem, and a flat disc as the shut-off device. The flat disc is held in place by the stem which transverses through it. When the actuator is turned, the stem rotates to and turns the disc either parallel to the pipeline or transverse to it. In the parallel position, the valve is open while in the transverse position it is flat against its seating hence restricting flow.

This quarter-turn valve is recommended for quick response fluid flow management as its small to medium sizes are powered by a motor. However, whereas a larger butterfly valve may still be easy to operate, it may be a bit slower as it runs on a gearbox.

Still, this would be a good choice of valve if your industrial plumbing system is designed for large volume fluids transmitted at low pressure. It is also one of the few valves that work well in viscous fluid transmission or with fluids that have bits of solid matter suspended in them.

In terms of maintenance, a butterfly valve is a quick fix as its compact design is not too complex. It is also affordable and can be durable when applied in a suitable plumbing system.

A Diaphragm Valve

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A has a unique design from other types of valves. It consists of an actuator and a pivoting stem linked to a u-shaped diaphragm. It is operated by raising and lowering the diaphragm to open, throttle, or shut off the flow of media. Further, the diaphragm is made of a hardened polymer material to make it more flexible for the vertical mode of operation.

This type of valve would be suitable for a piping system that requires throttling or involves the transmission of semi-solids. In throttling mode, it would change the flow rate of media; often to lower pressure. This is also sometimes aided by the presence of a weir at the base of a diaphragm valve.

On the downside, while diaphragm valves are effective, they can be expensive. They are equally costly to maintain because the polymer material of the diaphragm is sensitive to temperature and can be damaged by high pressure, unlike metal. However, a non-metal diaphragm could be a great advantage if your pipeline system handles corrosive substances because polymers are non-reactive.

Gate Valve

In likeness to the diaphragm valve, a gate valve is also operated by raising and lowering a flat gate-like disk. Its actuator is often a wheel that may require more than one turn to fully lower or pull up the gate. For this reason, it would be best to apply this type of valve in systems that are not open and shut very often such as reservoir plumbing.

When a gate valve is pulled up, it leaves an opening for fluid to flow through unobstructed. It, therefore, does not affect flow rate, unlike throttling valves. Granted, it is possible to use it as a throttling valve when it is about 90% closed but the results would not be optimal. The gate valve disc would likely also wear out much faster.

Check Valve

A check valve is a unidirectional valve; it allows fluid to go through a pipeline in only one direction and automatically closes if fluid starts to flow backward. The shut-off component can be a disc, a ball, or a stem, among other designs. It all depends on the nature of the pipeline it is being applied in. 

A unique distinction of a check valve is that it does not require an actuator. It is controlled by pressure in the piping system. As fluid flows into the system through the inlet, pressure rises. When it gets high enough, it will push the valve disc open. Such pressure is referred to as cracking pressure. On the other hand, when the pressure on the outlet side of the valve is higher than the inlet side, the check valve will close to prevent backflow.

This type of valve is quite efficient but it has to be installed in the right way and the right pressure conditions. If the pressure is beyond its capabilities or too low to push the disc open, fluid flow could be interrupted even when that was not the intent.

Controlling Vs Throttling

Control valves and throttling valves are often mistaken as the same thing but that is inaccurate and could mislead you into choosing the wrong valve.

Control valves are operated using an actuator and can regulate the flow of fluids passing through them. They achieve this by controlling the temperature and pressure of the fluids which are both factors that affect fluid flow.

In contrast, throttling valves work on a pressure principle and do not require an actuator. They can be opened partially to increase fluid pressure whereas when they are fully open, they can lower pressure. Examples of throttle valves include butterfly and diaphragm valves.

Control valves are ideal for industrial piping systems like where temperature and pressure affect fluid flow. Throttling valves, on the other hand, could be useful in sectors such as hydropower plants where pressure control is essential.

Valve and Media Compatibility

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The type of media transmitted in your industrial pipeline should be a guiding factor as you consider valve options. Corrosive media, for example, will require a valve made of a non-reactive metal like CF8M ball valves which are made of stainless steel. High-risk media such as petroleum products should also only be channeled through valves manufactured to stipulated industry regulations.

Weigh other compatibility issues as well such as viscosity and bore size. For instance, a full bore would be better when it comes to maintaining pressure and steady flow if the fluid is viscous. Gases and fume-emitting fluids would equally require highly sealed valves to avoid fugitive emissions and possible mishaps.

Durability

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Once a valve is installed in your industrial pipeline, it becomes an integral part of the system. This goes to say that if the valve malfunctions so does the rest of the pipeline. It is for this reason that valve durability and easy repair processes are essential.

Durability is largely dependent on the quality of industrial valves you invest in. While it may seem like an expensive venture, keep in mind that a durable valve will save you lots of money in . On the contrary, a poor-performing valve may require frequent repairs which would cost more in the long run and may require you to halt your operations.

Industrial Valve Manufacturers

Industrial valve manufacturers are a dime a dozen. However, they are not equal. The quality of their valves differs based on the materials used and the meticulousness of their workmanship.

Aim for an industrial valve manufacturer that offers you a variety of valves and maintains high standards of production. As part of your due diligence, ensure that their valves are up to code with current industry certifications, and have been adequately tested by regulatory authorities.

Additionally, look out for manufacturers that offer extra services such as aftersale consultations, repair services, or affordable replacement spare parts. Such provisions would greatly ease your valve maintenance procedures. Customization services would also be a plus. Customized valves may offer you a higher efficiency as they would be tailored specifically for the requirements of your pipeline.

Maintenance and Safety

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It is recommended that you service your industrial valves and piping systems regularly. In this case, regular is subjective depending on:

How frequently the system is used.

The nature of the media; corrosive substances, high pressure, and high-temperature operations result in higher wear and tear and thus require more frequent maintenance.

The location of the plumbing system; outdoor systems are exposed and may require more care.

Maintenance is often geared towards addressing depreciation and valve malfunctions. Nevertheless, it should also include safety checks and tests. Problems such as leakages, debris accumulation, and rust all pose critical safety risks in the long run. Some of those risks include:

Leakage of fluids which could or people in the vicinity.

Financial losses due to inefficiencies in the valves.

Product adulteration, such as fuel contamination, when product lines mix due to valve errors or impurities like rust.

Valve Response Times and Ease of Use

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Valve response times are essential where valves are applied as mechanisms. SIL 3 operations, for example, require a highly responsive valve like a trunnion ball valve that operates at low torque.

A good valve should equally be easy to use and where possible, easy to detect when it malfunctions. One way to ease operation, for instance, would be to choose valve customization options like automated actuators that eliminate the need for manual turning.

Tips on Installing Industrial Plumbing Valves

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A good choice of an industrial valve can be watered down by poor installation. To avoid this, you could observe some of the installation guidelines as listed below.

Consider having your pipeline measured and sharing your exact scale measurements with your industrial valve supplier. An ill-fitting valve will not work as desired.

Always work with pipeline engineers that are conversant with your industrial operations and the valve you have chosen. Where possible, it would be helpful to inquire if your industrial valve supplier offers installation services as they understand their product best.

All fluid flow should be shut off during installation and the field of installation should be cleaned out as much as possible. Inserting a new valve into a debris-filled cavity will depreciate it faster and diminish its efficiency.

The valve should be tested and monitored closely in the short-run period after installation. Sometimes extra sealing or a few adjustments may be required to optimize valve and piping compatibility

The post A Complete Guide to Valves in Industrial Plumbing appeared first on 91̽»¨.

Differences Between the Trunnion and Floating Ball Valve

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A trunnion ball valve consists of a ball mounted on a trunnion on the bottom and joined to a stem at the top. These parts are often welded together which is why this type of valve is sometimes referred to as a trunnion mounted ball valve or a fully welded trunnion ball valve. Given as the ball is mounted and experiences less friction and media pressure force, this valve requires less torque to operate.

A floating ball valve, on the other hand, comprises a ball linked to a stem at the top but floats freely at the bottom. It is held in place by fluid pressure and seat rings as opposed to being mounted on a trunnion. As such, it requires high torque to operate. It is, nevertheless, a reliable bi-directional shut-off valve.

How Does a Trunnion Ball Valve Work

A trunnion ball valve consist of 4 main parts:

An actuator lever

A stem

A ball

A trunnion

The trunnion forms the base onto which the ball is mounted. At the top end, the ball is linked to the stem and the stem is connected to an exterior actuator lever. In a flanged trunnion ball valve, there are spring-loaded seats and a polymer ring insert between the trunnion and the ball. The springs put pressure on the ball to keep it in place. Together with the polymer ring, they also reduce friction when the ball is rotating.

To facilitate the flow of media, the ball is made hollow in the middle. It can either be a full bore or a partial bore. A full bore is a ball whose hollow part is the same size as the pipeline it is installed in. Whereas in a partial bore, the diameter of the ball’s hollow part is smaller than the diameter of the pipeline.

When the actuator is turned, the stem connected to it also turns. These actions cause the ball to rotate on the trunnion to an open or closed position. During and after fluid flow, seals in the seats and stem prevent the fluid from leaking out of the pipeline. An adjustable box also helps the valve take on different capacities of pressure. A typical trunnion ball valve would also have 2 bleeders for purposes of depressurization.

The structure of a trunnion ball valve makes it ideal for application in high pressure and high-temperature fluid management applications.

Pros and Cons of a Trunnion ball valve

Source: Pixabay

Pros:

It requires less torque to operate

It can be applied in both large scale or small scale operations

Less friction during trunnion ball valve operation helps mitigate wear and tear

Provides full-proof sealing

Cons:

Due to the fully-welded or bolted-together design of a trunnion ball valve, it is difficult to repair it in-line. Repairs would thus interrupt normal pipeline operations.

If maintenance is not carried out as required, welded parts could begin to operate with higher friction which could lessen efficiency.

Applications of Trunnion Ball Valve

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Due to its resilience, a trunnion ball valve can be applied in a wide range of applications including:

Chemical manufacturing plants – the transmission of chemicals through pipelines during production requires stringent management. More so where corrosive chemicals are involved because leakages and high reactive temperatures could harm staff or the surrounding environment. The full-proof sealing added to trunnion ball valves during manufacturing and their high-temperature resilience makes them ideal for the safe management of such fluids.

Petroleum industry applications – trunnion ball valves manufactured to are recommended for petrochemical industry applications because they are leak-proof and can handle high pressure. These features are especially useful in high-volume petrochemical pipelines and gas lines which require careful pressure management.

Power generation- power is generated using different fuels. Geothermal power, for example, is generated using steam while hydropower relies on water. In each case, the medium used to generate power needs to be released into the system in measured units. A trunnion ball valve is suitable for controlling the flow of such media as It can keep up with the large-scale, high temperatures, and high-pressure nature of such operations.

How Does a Floating Ball Valve Work

A floating ball valve comprises 3 main parts:

An actuator lever

A stem

A floating ball

The actuator lever is the outermost part used to open or shut-off fluid flow. When it is turned within a 90-degree angle, it rotates the stem which turns the ball to an open or closed position. 

At the base of the valve, the ball remains unmounted and is only supported by a stationary polymer ring and seats.

When the valve is shut, medium pressure pushes the ball firmly against the seats. This provides a tight seal and stops flow immediately. However, given as the ball is unsupported, high levels of pressure can not be distributed to a base to lessen the force on the ball. A floating ball valve is thus only recommended for low to medium pressure applications with average temperatures. Where necessary, it can also be customized to work in .

Regarding overflow management and controlling leakages, a quality floating ball valve should have an anti-static and anti-blow out stem design. This means that in instances when pressure is elevated or during fluid surges, the stem would remain in place with no leakages. A flexible soft seat is equally essential as it creates sealing around the floating ball to stop media flow.

Pros and Cons of a Floating Ball Valve

Source: Pixabay

Pros

A floating ball provides impenetrable sealing when pushed onto its seats.

It responds fast to shutting off or allowing fluid flow.

It is very efficient in small scale applications for which other valves would be unsuitable due to size.

Cons

It is limited to small designs to manage torque levels. The

It operates at high torque.

The high pressure experienced by seats and seals during shut off can increase their rate of wear and tear.

Applications of a Floating Ball Valve

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The efficiency of floating ball valves makes them ideal for applications such as:

Emergency shut-off systems- pipeline systems such as those involving fuels, water, or critical gases often require a fast-responding shut-off valve in case of emergencies. Given as this type of ball valve is unmounted, it works fast and is therefore suitable for SIL 3 emergency shut-offs.

Water systems- water distribution systems require that pressure is maintained at optimum levels to sustain flow and prevent air pockets from restricting the flow of water. The flow of water also needs to be controlled to prevent overflows. A floating ball valve would be a good choice for water system control as it is pressure-sensitive and can open and shut as needed based on pressure conditions.

Pipeline pressure relief– is essential to avoid busts and similar mishaps. A floating ball valve can be added in a pipeline as a pressure outlet valve as it takes on the pressure while remaining intact as opposed to a mounted ball valve that could sometimes blow out.

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Valves by Disc Type

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In this context, a disc refers to the valve structure used to manage fluid flow. That said, the use of a variety of disc types in industrial valves is an important design feature because:

• Different discs deliver different methods of sealing that work for various media.
• They provide valve options for small and large pipelines.
• Different discs are set up to work as a solution for specific pipeline conditions. With this in mind, let us explore the types of discs used in industrial valves.

A ball- a valve that uses a ball to shut off fluid flow is known as a ball valve. Examples include a one-piece floating ball valve or a trunnion ball valve. The ball is usually hollowed out in the middle, either fully or partially, and controlled using an actuator connected to a pivoting stem.

A gate- as the name suggests, this type of disc is a flat sheet of metal that is raised and lowered to allow or shut off fluid flow. It is supported on the sides by seating and joined to a stem at the top.

A flat disc– flat discs are quite similar to the gate, except they are often circular and rotate horizontally as opposed to vertically. In certain types of industrial valves, like a check valve, they work independently based on pipeline conditions without the need for an actuator.

A plug – a plug disc type moves vertically to achieve fluid control. This type of movement into a cavity designed specifically to fit this type of disc is akin to plugging a hole hence its name. It is usually mounted onto a stem.

A needle- this would best be described as a narrower version of a plug disc. It is preferable where pipeline space is limited and pressure conditions are not so high.

A diaphragm- a diaphragm is akin to a plunger. It moves along the horizontal axis and, unlike other discs mentioned here above, is usually made of a polymer material.

Valves by Body Materials

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The type of material used to make an industrial valve determines how it can be applied. This is because each material is bound to be compatible with particular media more than others.

Some body materials used in valve making include:

Stainless Steel– stainless steel is a non-reactive metal. It is made of several metals,  such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, melded in specific ratios depending on the gauge of stainless steel that is required. An example of a stainless steel valve is the CF8M ball valve which is ideal for managing the flow of corrosive media such as saline marine water, acids, and halide gases. It is neither corroded nor depreciated by them

Cast steel- a cast steel valve is made by pouring molten steel into a mold and allowing it to solidify within set conditions. On the one hand, if this process is done right, it yields solid valves and makes for a convenient low-cost method of production. However, it requires close monitoring and quality inspection as it is prone to holes and tears where the molten steel may not have solidified evenly. Additionally, if the quality of the molten steel was below par, the valve will equally be unreliable.

Forged steel – valves are manufactured by using intense heat and mechanical tools to shape metal. In essence, steel is bent and formed into the shape of the valve using tools as opposed to being poured into a ready-made mold. The upside of this is that the exposure to heat tends to strengthen the metal and thus it yields stronger and more durable valves. On the flip side, given as it is formed as a whole, the connections between different parts could be a source of leaks. The extra works involved are also time-consuming and make forged steel valves expensive.

Valves by Conditions

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The conditions within a pipeline dictate the type of valve that can be used in it. Both the material of the valve and that of its disc need to be able to withstand the conditions in the pipeline without high wear and tear and without compromising the standards of operation. When choosing a valve consider conditions such as:

Temperature- the oil and gas industry, in particular, is very temperature-sensitive because petroleum products are flammable. To this end, valves used in petrochemical pipelines need to be able to withstand and maintain temperatures within conducive levels. The valve design also needs to take into consideration that metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. Such temperature fluctuations should be mitigated to ensure the working of the valve remains optimal through them.

Pressure – high-pressure levels in a pipeline can overwhelm a valve that is not resilient enough for such conditions. A needle valve, for example, may not manage the force of high fluid pressure without being pushed open. As such, if the pipeline pressure is high, a steady valve that can handle such force is required. A full welded ball valve, for instance, is mounted on a trunnion and can take on high pressure while maintaining optimal performance and low torque.

Pressure relief- overly high-pressure levels could result in pipeline bursts or cause even the most resilient valves to malfunction. Due to this, it may be necessary to install a pressure relief valve in an oil pipeline. A check valve may be a good choice for this type of condition as it is pressure sensitive. It can either open to release pent up air pressure or allow the flow of media down the pipeline to relieve fluid pressure. A throttling valve such as a diaphragm valve could equally be useful as it could be used to lower fluid pressure where needed.

Corrosive substances– crude oil is an amalgamation of different fuels that are eventually separated during the refinery process. Some of the components can be highly corrosive and require valve materials that are durable and non-reactive. valves or valves made of enhanced steel alloys are ideal for this type of pipeline conditions.

A Ball Valve

A ball valve consists of an actuator lever, a stem, and a spherical ball. All three parts are connected and move as a unit. When the actuator is rotated, the stem rotates too and subsequently turns the ball. If the hollow part, known as a bore, is parallel to the pipeline, then the valve is open and media can flow through it. In contrast, if the bore is perpendicular to the pipeline, the valve is shut.

The ball in a ball valve is cushioned by spring seats which provide a full-proof seal against leakage. The stem is also lined with packing to prevent leakages towards the top when the valve closes or pipeline pressure rises and fluid levels rise.

A Gate Valve

A gate valve comprises a gate, a pivoting stem, and an actuator. The stem of this type of valve is usually threaded such that when the actuator is rotated, the stem rises or goes down. As the threaded stem rises, the gate goes up and the valve opens. Similarly, when the stem rotates downwards, the valve closes.

A Butterfly Valve

The ‘butterfly’ reference in the name of this valve refers to the positioning and working of its disk. On the outermost part, a butterfly valve has an actuator lever that is connected to a stem. The stem goes down through the flat disk of this valve and mounts at the base of the valve. As a result, the flat disk in this valve can only move sideways to open or close the valve like the wings of a butterfly. Due to the stem transversing through the disc, it remains rooted in the middle.

A Check Valve

A check valve is unique in that it does not require an actuator or a stem. Given as its flat disc opens and closes based on pressure conditions, it is mounted on a hinge. This hinge mechanism holds the flat disc in place but at the same provides flexibility for the valve to open and shut as needed.

Globe Plug Valve

Source: Wikipedia

A globe valve operates by moving in a vertical axis. To this end, it has an actuator joined to a threaded stem which when rotated pulls the plug up or pushes it down. Unlike the gate valve, a globe plug valve is compact and streamlined, therefore, it is suitable for throttling applications.

Ball Valve

A ball valve is a rotary valve that is dependable in pipelines that require fast shut-offs and tight sealing. Nevertheless, there are different types of ball valves and they each work best in different pipeline conditions. Subsequently, the conditions of the pipeline should first be considered before choosing a ball valve.

A floating ball valve is supported only by its stem and its seats. When the floating ball is rotated to close the valve, fluid pressure pushes it onto its seats and completely cuts off flow. However, when fluid pressure is very high, opening the valve is a high torque operation because a lot of force is required to push the ball against the force of fluid pressure. For this reason, a floating ball valve is recommended for low to medium pressure oil and gas pipelines.

On the other hand, the ball on a trunnion ball valve is mounted and does not rely on fluid pressure to hold it in place. The mounted ball can also open and close against the face of pressure at low torque. So, if you need a ball valve for high-pressure conditions, this would be your best bet.

Pros:

Ball valves offer quick shut-offs

The ball and seats deliver impervious sealing

They are easy to repair

Ball valves can be designed in both relatively large and small sizes

Cons:

High pressure causes an increase in pressure between the ball and the seats which results in wear and tear

Gate Valve

A gate valve works by allowing the unrestricted flow of media and does not alter the flow rate of oil or gas in any way. These features make it suitable for pipelines where flow needs to be controlled but the flow rate needs to be maintained.

Further, when open, the disc of a gate valve leaves the channel of the pipeline unobstructed making it possible to transmit slurry fluids like .

Pros:

• A gate valve can handle flow control of highly viscous fluids, unlike other narrower valves.
• It can be controlled using an automated actuator to ease operations.

Cons:

• The threaded stem of a gate valve suffers high friction and could depreciate fast.
• Unlike other linear valves, a gate valve is a poor candidate for throttling as it yields dismal results.
• The shut-offs on this valve type are not instantaneous which limits them to low-use applications or pipeline parts that do not present dire urgency.

Butterfly Valve

A butterfly valve makes up for most of the areas where a gate valve falls short. When it is open, the channel is wide enough for the media to flow through even if it has solid particles suspended In it. Moreover, it is applicable in high-pressure pipelines because the disc of a butterfly valve is held in place by a stem mounted at the valve base. These design features also ensure that this type of valve will remain tightly shut or firmly open as required and that it operates at low torque.

Pros:

A butterfly valve can be shut off and opened fast which enhances accuracy in pipeline operations.

It provides a tight seal and reliable management of fluid flow even in high pressure and high temperatures.

It is a reliable low-maintenance valve.

Its compact design is versatile and can be adapted for both small and .

Cons:

• During fluid flow, the entire surface area of the disc is exposed to the fluid which exacerbates its exposure to corrosion or wear and tear.
• Impurities or debris can accumulate in the seats when the valve is open.

Globe Valve

A globe valve is fitted with a plug-like piston as a shut off device. It is a linear valve that moves up and down to open and shut off flow, when the actuator is turned. Given as the stem is threaded, this valve can be opened to different levels. Therein lies one of the reasons why this type of valve is popular in the petrochemical industry. The size of the opening can be limited as needed for throttling.

The bottom of the valve where the piston meets the base is curved and serves to lower pressure. As fluid rushes through the elevated cavity, it loses momentum. Therefore, a globe valve  would work well in a pipeline system where pressure needs to be managed.

Pros:

A streamlined plug and packed stem area delivers adequate sealing

It is possible to use an automated actuator with this type of valve which makes it easier to operate.

Unlike most valves, it offers both fluid flow control and throttling functions.

Cons:

Threaded stems experience lots of friction during opening and closing which could lead to delayed valve response time unless the actuator is automated.

High friction could result in a higher rate of wear and tear which intrinsic could raise the maintenance costs of a globe valve.

If the gland packing along the vertical axis on which the valve stem moves is not done right, it is likely that leaks will become a challenge over time.

Check Valve

A check valve is a pressure-sensitive valve. It opens when pressure from the inlet side is higher than the pressure on the outlet side. It does not, however, allow backflow of media. In other words, a check valve is a unidirectional valve that prevents the backflow of media.

In an oil and gas plant, this would be useful in where separated petroleum products are channeled into individual pipelines to maintain their integrity. It could also be useful in distribution pipelines where flow should be directed forward at all times.

Pros:

No actuator is required as this type of valve is automatic.

Restriction of fluid backflow ensures that cross-contamination of product lines or batches is avoided.

Cons:

The installation of this valve has to be very precise or else it will not be able to respond to fluid pressure which would defeat the purpose of the valve.

A check valve takes away an element of hands-on pipeline control because there is no actuator manipulation involved.

Repairs can be quite tasking.

Plug Valve

A plug valve is also a linear valve but it has a wider piston than a globe valve. While it may not be ideal for throttling, it can hold its own in high pressure or a high-temperature pipeline. The wider surface area of the plug provides enough room for the pressure to be distributed and dissipated along the plug while maintaining fluid flow control.

The plug is controlled using an actuator which can either be manual or automated. When it is pulled up, enough room is left for viscous petroleum products to flow through unobstructed. A plug valve can thus be recommended for unrefined oil products, managing semi-solid petroleum product inputs such as those involved in biogas production.

Pros:

Among linear valves, it is one of the most reliable shut-off alternatives.

It has a shorter threaded stem which could help mitigate wear and tear as well speed reduction.

It is applicable for different fluid densities.

Cons:

This valve would not be ideal for throttling which may be necessary for a high-flow high-volume pipeline.

When applied in large operations, a large plug may be difficult to operate without an automated actuator.

What is WOG For Valves?

Source: qrfs.com

Oil and gas products are highly sensitive due to their volatility and flammability. It is, therefore, no wonder that the industry is governed by standardized valve ratings and classifications.

WOG is usually labeled on a valve to indicate the pressure rating it should operate at within ambient temperature. A WOG rated valve is also, by default, qualified for use in the management of Water, Oil, and Gas pipelines. From a more technical perspective,  the oil and gas components are also defined within specific parameters.

Oil – a lubricating liquid that flows freely but is more viscous than water.

Gas – a liquid in a vaporized state but not inclusive of .

What Are API Standards?

Source: Pexels

The petroleum sector serves an international market that involves countries importing and exporting oil between each other. Harmonized industry regulations thus become necessary for maintaining order and product integrity in the sector.

API standards are named after the . They are stipulations that guide the production of valves and all other equipment that is used in the oil and gas industry. Most countries adhere to them and this has helped to:

Improve safety in the industry

Ease business operations between traders

Maintain high quality of oil and gas products around the world.

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Event: 2017 China (Zhengzhou) International Water Equipment and Technology Exposition
Venue: Central China International Expo Center (No.210, Zheng Bian Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province)
Date: 2017.07.18-2017.07.20

Organizer
Water Engineering Association

Co-organizer
Hydraulic Engineering Society of Henan Province
Pump Industry Association of Henan Province

Contractor
Beijing Zhiwei International Exhibition Co., Ltd.

Exhibits
Irrigation & Drainage: pumps, , pipes, etc.
Water Saving: industrial water saving techniques, agricultural water saving techniques, service industry water saving techniques, etc.
Water Supply & Water Treatment: water supply equipment, potable water system, water purification and disinfection equipment, etc.
Hydrology & Water Resources: hydrological monitoring, water quality monitoring, online monitoring technology and equipment, etc.
Gate, Hoist, etc.
Construction Machinery: lifting machines, digging machines, piling machines, etc.
Water Diversion: pipelines, pumps, crack treatment, etc.
New Technology & New Material: ecological landscape design, dredging works, hydraulic ecological materials, etc.

2017 China (Zhengzhou) International Water Equipment and Technology Exposition
Since China’s reform and opening up policy, the accelerating process of urbanization brings about the growing importance in the water industry. In these days, a good situation of China’s water industry is taking shape with strengthened government regulation, improved policies and regulations, diversified investment and capital operation subjects, developments of engineering technologies, more reasonable distributions of water supply networks, enhanced water supply capacities, the further marketized and industrialized water industry as well as the growth and developments of the enterprise in the water industry.

As the core of not only the public service of Chinese government but also the modernization of the Chinese water industry, the water industry is the vital part of urban city’s modernization and the essential guarantee of the sustainable development of economy and society in China, which is the guide industry and the basic industry affecting the overall situation of China’s national economic development, and plays a vital role in the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards of people.

With further progress of water industry restructuring in China, the water industry shows trends of the industrialization of the service, the marketization of the operation and the intensification of the management.

Nowadays, the capital operation of China’s water industry is still in research and practice with different operation patterns. This requires Chinese water enterprises to enhance their core competencies according to their own conditions as well as the local investment situation of the water industry through learning from the previous experience of capital operation in the Chinese water industry and making full use of all kinds of capital with the support of the Chinese government.

Zhengzhou City, the core of the central plain economic zone, the capital of Henan Province-a major agricultural province in China, has a unique market power in the Chinese water industry. It is foreseeable that holding the exhibition in Zhengzhou will have a great and positive impact on the development of the Chinese water industry and the promotion of Chinese water market.

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